Who is known as the Father of Modern Chemistry?

• A. Bacon
• B. Robert Boyle
• C. Antoine Lavoisier
• D. Democritus

Answer: (C)

Chemistry becomes modern when it moves from guesswork to careful measurement and repeatable experiments, turning observations into laws and theories. Antoine Lavoisier showed that during chemical reactions the total mass of everything that goes in equals the total mass that comes out. This idea, the law of conservation of mass, gave chemistry a solid, quantitative foundation and helped shift the field from alchemical ideas to rigorous science.

He also clarified what elements and compounds are, explained the role of oxygen in combustion, and helped standardize how we name substances. His precise experiments and systematic methods demonstrated how to study chemistry with accuracy, which is why he is widely regarded as the father of modern chemistry. Other historical figures made important contributions, but this particular transformation of chemistry into a precise, measurement-based discipline is what he is celebrated for.