Who proposed that science should be based on tested experiments?

• A. Sir Francis Bacon
• B. Aristotle
• C. Democritus
• D. Lavoisier

Answer: (A)

The main idea being tested is that science should be built on evidence gathered through experimentation and careful observation. Sir Francis Bacon argued for an empirical approach, saying knowledge comes from systematically collecting data via experiments and using what we learn to form reliable generalizations. This way of thinking moved science away from relying on ancient authorities and toward a method of testing ideas with real-world evidence, which is the foundation of the modern scientific method. Aristotle relied more on deductive reasoning from general principles, not on controlled experiments. Democritus suggested an atomic theory, but without the emphasis on testing ideas through experiments. Lavoisier used experiments to advance chemistry, yet the proposal that science should be based on tested experiments is attributed to Bacon, who first championed this empirical approach.